State School Choice Progress Report
Alabama School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
An initial charter is granted for a period of 5 years.
Individual Tax Credit Deductions:
Accountability Act of 2013 Parent Taxpayer Refundable Tax Credits
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Alabama Opportunity Scholarship Fund | AOSF (alabamascholarshipfund.org)
Alaska School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
A contract for a charter school may be for a term of no more than 10 years.
Arizona School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
The charter is effective for 15 years from the first day of the fiscal year as specified in the charter and may be renewed for successive periods of 20 years.
AZ. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 15-181 et seq.;
Education Savings Accounts (ESAs):
Empowerment Scholarship Accounts
Tax Credit Scholarship:
“Switcher” Individual Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program (1)
Lexie’s Law for Disabled and Displaced Students Tax Credit Scholarship Program (2)
Low-Income Corporate Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program (3)
Original Individual Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program (4)
- AZ. Rev. Stat. §§ 43-1089.03; 43-1601 through 1605 (1)
- AZ. Rev. Stat. §§ 15-2401 through 2404 (2)
- AZ. Rev. Stat. §§ 43-1183; 43-1501 through 1507; and 20-224.06 (3)
- AZ. Rev. Stat. §§ 43-1089; 43-1601 through 1605 (4)
Arkansas School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Initial charters for “open-enrollment public charter schools” are granted for a 5-year period. Law includes a provision for establishing “adult education charter schools.”
- AR. Code Ann. § 6-23-101 et seq.
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Philanthropic Investment in Arkansas Kids Scholarship Program
AR Code Ann. §§ 6-18-2201 through 2208; 19-5-1271
Vouchers:
California School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. A charter may be granted for a period not to exceed 5 years, and renewals may be for a period between 5 and 7 years.
- CA. Educ. Code § 47600 et seq.
Colorado School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Institute charter schools are authorized by the state charter school institute. Other charter schools are authorized by local district boards of education. An initial charter is authorized for a period of 4 years and is required to include a budget for a term of at least 5 years.
- CO. Rev. Stat. § 22-30.5-101 et seq.;
- CO. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 22-30.5-106;
- CO. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 22-30.5-511
Connecticut School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Initial charters are granted for a period of up to 5 years.
- CT Gen. Stat. Ann. § 10-66aa et seq.
Delaware School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Initial charters are for 4 years and may be renewed in 5-year increments.
District of Columbia School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. A charter granted to a public charter school remains in force for a 15-year period and may be renewed for an unlimited number of 15-year periods.
- DC Code § 38-1800.01 et seq.;
- DC Code § 38-1831.01 et seq.;
- DC Code § 38-1802.12
Vouchers:
D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program
Florida School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. State law requires use of a standard charter contract. The initial term of a charter is 5 years, excluding 2 planning years. Charter schools operating for a minimum of 3 years and demonstrating exemplary academic programming and fiscal management are eligible for a 15-year charter renewal, and schools receiving high rankings in the state’s accountability program under some conditions automatically receive 15-year renewals. Charter schools that are operated by a municipality or other public entity, charter lab schools, and charter schools that are operated by a private, not-for-profit, 501(c)(3) status corporation are eligible for up to a 15-year charter. Long-term charters remain subject to annual review and may be terminated during the term of the charter. State law allows for “schools of hope” (schools located in census tracts designated as Qualified Opportunity Zones by the Department of the Treasury and specifically serving students from low-income families), charter technical career centers, and high-performing charter schools—all of which are subject to statutory provisions specific to each.
Education Savings Accounts (ESAs):
Family Empowerment Scholarship Program (Unique Abilities ESA)
Tax Credit Scholarship:
The Florida Tax Credit Scholarship Program (2)
- FL. Stat. §1002.395 and 1002.421 (2)
Vouchers:
Family Empowerment Scholarship Program (Education Opportunity Voucher
Georgia School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. The initial term of a charter is a minimum of 5 years (unless the petitioner requests a shorter period of time) but cannot exceed 10 years. Renewals may not exceed 10 years. The initial term of a charter for a charter system is not allowed to exceed 6 years.
- GA. Code Ann. § 20-2-2060 et seq.;
- GA. Code Ann. § 20-2-2080 et seq.;
- GA.Code Ann. § 20-2-2062;
- GA. Code Ann. § 20-2-2067
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Qualified Education Expense Tax Credits
- OCGA §20-2A-1 through 7 and 48-7-29.16
Vouchers:
Georgia Special Needs Scholarship Program
Hawaii School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. The length of an initial charter is 5 years. Law allows a charter contract to be renewed for successive 5-year terms, although an authorizer may vary the terms based on performance, demonstrated capacities, and particular circumstances of each charter school.
Idaho School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Following an initial 5-year term, a charter may be renewed for successive 5-year terms.
Illinois School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Charters may be granted for an initial 5-year term and may be renewed for increments up to 10 years. Prior charters were granted for 5-10 years.
Individual Tax Credit Deductions:
Tax Credits for Educational Expenses
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Indiana School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Terms for charter schools may range from 3–7 years. Renewals are not subject to a 3-year minimum.
Education Savings Accounts (ESAs):
Education Scholarship Account Program
Individual Tax Credit Deductions:
Private School / Homeschool Deduction
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Vouchers:
Iowa School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Charter school and innovation zone consortium contracts are issued and renewable for terms of 4 years. An innovation zone school is a public school administered pursuant to an innovation zone school contract entered into by an innovation zone consortium.
Individual Tax Credit Deductions:
Tuition and Textbook Tax Credit
Tax Credit Scholarship:
School Tuition Organization Tax Credit
Kansas School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Charters are granted and may be renewed for 5-year terms.
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Tax Credit for Low-Income Students Scholarship Program
Kentucky School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Terms range from a minimum of 3 years to a maximum of 5 years. “Achievement academy” has the same meaning as “public charter school.” A public charter school established within the boundaries of a regional achievement zone is designated a regional achievement academy. A regional achievement zone is defined as one county containing 4 or more local school districts or 2 or more contiguous counties, each containing 4 or more local school districts.
Tax Credit ESAs:
Education Opportunity Account Program
Louisiana School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Under the Charter School Demonstration Programs Law, charters are initially approved for 4–5-year terms and renewed for 3–10-year terms.
Individual Tax Credit Deductions:
Elementary and Secondary School Tuition Deduction
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Tuition Donation Credit Program
Vouchers:
School Choice Program for Certain Students with exceptionalities (1)
Student Scholarships for Educational Excellence Program (2)
Maine School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Charters are granted for initial terms of 5 years and may be renewed for 5–15 years.
Vouchers:
Maryland School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
They are publicly funded, privately managed, and semi-autonomous schools of choice. They do not charge tuition. They must hold to the same academic accountability measures as traditional schools. They receive public funding similarly to traditional schools; however, they have more freedom regarding their budgets, staffing, curricula, and other operations. In exchange for this freedom, they must deliver academic results, and there must be enough community demand for them to remain open.
- MD. Code Ann., Educ. § 9-101 et seq.
Vouchers:
Broadening Options and Opportunities for Students Today (BOOST) Program
Massachusetts School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. There are 2 types of charter schools: Commonwealth charter schools, which are authorized by the state board, managed by a board of trustees, and operated independently of a school committee (district board of education). Horace Mann charter schools, which are public schools or part of a public school operated under a charter approved by the school committee (district board of education) and the local collective bargaining unit in the district in which the school is located.
Michigan School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Charter schools are called public school academies. Authorizing bodies determine the length of terms for a charter school and a school’s governing body. State law has added 3 additional categories of charter schools: Urban High School Academies, Schools of Excellence, and Strict Discipline Academies.
- MI. Comp. Laws Ann. § 380.501 et seq.;
- MI. Comp. Laws Ann. § 380.507;
- MI. Comp. Laws Ann. § 380.505a;
- MI. Comp. Laws Ann. § 380.1311g;
- MI. Comp. Laws Ann. § 380.522;
- MI. Comp. Laws Ann. § 380.552
Minnesota School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Charters are granted for terms of up to 5 years. Initial charter terms also include an additional preoperational planning period.
Individual Tax Deductions:
- MN. Stat. § 290.0674 (1,2)
Mississippi School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Initial charters are granted for 5 years, and charters may be renewed for successive 5-year terms of duration.
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Equal Opportunity for Students with Special Needs Program
Vouchers:
Nater Rogers Scholarship for Students with Disabilities Program (1)
Mississippi Dyslexia Therapy Scholarship for Students with Dyslexia Program (2)
Missouri School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Initial charters are granted for 5 years and are renewable upon review.
Tax Credit ESAs:
Missouri Empowerment Scholarship Accounts Program
Montana School Choice Progress Report
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Tax Credits for Contributions to Student Scholarship Organizations
Nebraska School Choice Progress Report
Nevada School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. An initial charter contract is for a term of 6 years and may be renewed for no less than 3 years or more than 10-year terms.
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Nevada Educational Choice Scholarship Program
New Hampshire School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Charters are granted and renewed for 5-year terms.
Education Savings Accounts (ESAs):
Education Freedom Account Program
- Not yet available
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Vouchers:
Town Tuitioning Program
- Pending
New Jersey School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Initial charters are granted for 4 years and may be renewed for 5 years.
New Mexico School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Initial charters are granted for 6 years (with the first year of the contract for planning, not writing the application). Contracts are renewed for 5 years, but the renewal may be for less if the school and authorizer agree. State policy allows school districts to operate as charter school districts approved by the Department of Education. The charter school district must continue to operate in the same geographic boundaries that existed before the conversion. Initial contracts are for 5 years and may be renewed for successive 5-year periods.
- NM Stat. Ann. § 22-8B-1 et seq.,
- NM Stat. Ann. § 22-8B-12,
- NM Stat. Ann. § 22-8E-1 et seq.,
- NM Stat. Ann. § 22-8E-4
New York School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Charter agreements may not exceed 5 years.
- NY Educ. Law § 2850 et seq.,
- NY Educ. Law § 2853
North Carolina School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Charter school terms may not exceed 10 years and may be renewed for subsequent periods of 10 years.
- NC Gen. Stat. Ann. § 115C-218 et seq.,
- NC Gen. Stat. Ann. § 115C- 218.5,
- NC Gen. Stat. Ann. § 115C-218.6
Education Savings Accounts (ESAs):
Personal Education Student Accounts for Children with Disabilities
Vouchers:
North Dakota School Choice Progress Report
Ohio School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes, they are referred to as community schools. Community schools have initial contract terms for up to 5 years. New (or “start-up”) community schools are limited to “challenged school districts,” meaning school districts that meet certain criteria, including low performance.
Individual Tax Credit Deductions:
K-12 Non-chartered Private Tax Credit (1)
K-12 Home Education Tax Credit (2)
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Ohio Tax Credit Scholarship Program
Vouchers:
Jon Peterson Special Needs Scholarship (1)
Educational Choice Scholarship Program (2)
Autism Scholarship Program (3)
Cleveland Scholarship Program (4)
- OH Rev. Code § 3310.032 (1)
- Educational Choice Scholarship Program (2)
- OH Rev. Code §§ 3310.41 through 43 (3)
- OH Rev. Code §§ 3313.974 through 979 (4)
Oklahoma School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Terms for charter schools may not exceed 5 years, although sponsors may vary the length of the term based on performance and other specific circumstances.
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Oklahoma Equal Opportunity Education Scholarships
Vouchers:
Lindsey Nicole Henry Scholarships for Students with Disabilities
Oregon School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. The initial charter is for a period of no more than 5 years. The first renewal of a charter must be for the same time period as the initial charter. Subsequent renewals of a charter are for a minimum of 5 years but may not exceed 10 years.
Pennsylvania School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. The charter is for a period of 3–5 years and may be renewed for 5-year periods. A local school board may renew a charter for a period of 1 year if the board determines that there is insufficient data adequately assess the charter school’s academic performance and determines that an additional year of performance data is needed.
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Opportunity Scholarship Tax Credit Program (1)
Educational Improvement Tax Credit (2)
Rhode Island School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Initial charters and renewals are for periods of up to 5 years. There are 3 types of charter schools: district charter schools, independent charter schools, and mayoral academies. New or start-up district charter schools must receive the affirmative support of some of the certified teachers employed within the school district where the district charter school is to be located. Specifically, the number of certified teachers supporting the school must be at least equal to two-thirds of the number of teachers that will be required to staff the proposed district charter school. In addition, new district charter schools must receive parental support for the school.
Specifically, the number of parents supporting the new school must represent at least half of the students who would be needed to attend the proposed district charter school.
- RI Gen. Laws § 16-77-1 et al.;
- RI Gen. Laws § 16-77.1-1 et al.;
- RI Gen. Laws § 16-77.2-1 et al.;
- RI Gen. Laws § 16-77.3-1 et al.;
- RI Gen. Laws § 16-77.4-1 et al.;
- RI Gen. Laws § 16-77-2.1;
- RI Gen. Laws § 16-77-5.1;
- RI Gen. Laws § 16-77.2-2
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Tax Credits for Contributions to Scholarship Organizations
South Carolina School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Charters are approved and renewed for 10-year terms.
Individual Tax Credit Deductions:
Refundable Educational Credit for Exceptional Needs Children
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Educational Credit for Exceptional Needs Children Fund
South Dakota School Choice Progress Report
Tennessee School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. New charters are granted for 10-year terms, starting with the first day of instruction. Charters are renewed for 10 academic years
Education Savings Accounts (ESAs):
Individualized Education Account Program
Vouchers:
Education Savings Account Pilot Program
Texas School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. There are 4 types of charter schools in state policy: home-rule district charters, open enrollment charters, campus or campus program charters, and university or college charters. Open enrollment charter schools have an initial charter term of 5 years, and renewals are for 10-year terms. Texas also allows low-performing public schools to contract with high-performing charter school operators for the shared operation of the school or to provide educational services or programs within the public school as an alternative to intervention.
- TX. Educ. Code Ann. § 12.001 et al.;
- TX. Educ. Code Ann. § 12.101;
- TX. Educ. Code Ann. § 12.1141;
- TX. Educ. Code Ann. § 12.002
- TX. Educ. Code Ann. § 11.157
Utah School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. Initial charter terms are not specified, but authorizers must review a charter school once every 5 years.
UT 1953 § 53G-5-101 et seq.;
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Special Needs Opportunity Scholarship Program
Vouchers:
Carson Smith Special Needs Scholarship Program
Vermont School Choice Progress Report
Vouchers:
Virginia School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. A charter may be approved or renewed for a period not to exceed 5 school years.
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Education Improvement Scholarships Tax Credits Program
Washington School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. An initial charter contract is granted for 5 operating years. A charter contract may be renewed for successive 5-year terms, although the authorizer may vary the term based on the performance, demonstrated capacities, and particular circumstances of a charter school and may grant renewal with specific conditions for necessary improvements to a charter school.
- WA. Rev. Code Ann. § 28A.710.010 et al.;
- WA. Rev. Code Ann. § 28A.710.190;
- WA. Rev. Code Ann. § 28A.710.160
West Virginia School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. A charter contract may be granted for up to 5 years and may be renewed for another term of 5 years following approval.
Education Savings Accounts (ESAs):
Wisconsin School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. A charter contract may be granted for up to 5 school years and may be renewed for successive 5-year terms.
Individual Tax Credit Deductions:
K-12 Private School Tuition Deduction
Tax Credit Scholarship:
Special Needs Scholarship Program (1)
Parental Choice Program Statewide (2)
Parental Private School Choice Program (Racine) (3)
Milwaukee Parental Choice Program (4)
- WI. Stat. §§ 119.23 and 235 (4)
- WI. Stat. §115.7915 (1)
- WI Stat. § 118.60 (2)
- WI. Stat. § 118.60 (3)
Wyoming School Choice Progress Report
Charter School Laws:
Yes. A charter may be granted for up to 5 years and may be renewed for successive 5-year periods.
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